When Yehuda departed from his brothers after the sale of Yosef, he resided in the Adullam region (Bereishit Perek 38 Pousk 1). The king of Adullam is mentioned in the list of the 31 kings Yehoshua defeated in the conquest of Eretz Yisrael (Yehoshua Perek 12 Posuk 15).
Centuries after Yehuda reached Adullam, his descendent David found refuge in the Cave of Adullam before becoming the king of Yehudah (Shmuel I Perek 22 Posuk 1). The Adullam Park contains numerous caves, most likely including the cave in which David hid.
During the Bar Kochva revolt, many of the caves of Adullam were used by Jews to hide from the Roman army.
